Start with the gate, because on defense roles it sits in front of everything else. US citizenship, the ability to obtain a US government security clearance, and ITAR and export-control eligibility are screened before you can access controlled technical data. The reason is regulatory, not preference: the work is export-controlled, so Lockheed applies the filter up front.
Distinguish cleared from clearable. Cleared means you hold an active clearance and can start on cleared work immediately, often at a pay premium; clearable means you are a US citizen able to obtain and maintain one. You cannot self-apply for a clearance: a cleared employer sponsors it for a specific job, and the federal government grants it. An active, in-scope clearance in your resume header is a top-weighted signal, so lead with it; if you are clearable, say so explicitly rather than leaving it to be asked. If you already hold a DoD-issued clearance, tell the recruiter, because it may be transferable to Lockheed Martin.
The tiers below are the levels a defense role can require. The deeper the tier, the longer the background investigation, and some roles add a polygraph on top.
- Confidential
- The lowest DoD clearance level, investigated at Tier 3. It is the least common requirement on Lockheed engineering roles, which more often start at Secret.
- Secret
- The most common baseline on Lockheed defense roles, investigated at Tier 3 with roughly a 7-year scope. A new investigation commonly runs about 1 to 6 months, and an interim Secret can be granted in roughly 5 to 10 days on a clean SF-86.
- Top Secret
- A deeper Tier 5 single-scope background investigation with roughly a 10-year scope, for more sensitive national-security programs. Expect a longer timeline than a Secret.
- TS/SCI
- Top Secret plus Sensitive Compartmented Information access, where SCI is granted by an agency and commonly takes about 6 to 18 months. Some roles add a counterintelligence or full-scope polygraph, mainly on Space and Special Programs work.
Adjudication timeline
Days for an interim, months for a full investigation.
On a clean SF-86, an interim Secret or Top Secret can be granted in roughly 5 to 10 days. A full new investigation commonly runs about 1 to 6 months for a Secret, and about 6 to 18 months for TS/SCI, where SCI is granted by an agency. Lockheed states background checks and security clearances can take time, and vary by role, so an active, in-scope clearance is the fastest path through onboarding.
The gate also moves by segment. Defense-heavy work in Missiles and Fire Control, Space, and the classified parts of Aeronautics and Rotary and Mission Systems commonly requires a clearance, while some commercial-adjacent or corporate roles do not. We say many positions require a clearance rather than a percentage, because Lockheed does not publish one.
- Aeronautics
- Often cleared
Programs like the F-35, F-22, and Skunk Works advanced development are largely classified, so many Aeronautics engineering positions require a clearance; some commercial-adjacent roles may not.
- Missiles and Fire Control
- Commonly cleared
Precision-strike and fire-control work such as PAC-3, THAAD, and ATACMS is defense-heavy, so many positions carry a clearance requirement.
- Rotary and Mission Systems
- Mixed to cleared
Sikorsky rotorcraft and mission-systems work spans commercial and defense; many defense, Aegis, and C4ISR positions require a clearance, while some commercial rotorcraft roles may not.
- Space
- Commonly cleared
Missile-defense, protected-communications, and classified space work make many Space positions clearance-required, some at Top Secret or TS/SCI.
Typical posting language (described, not quoted)
Lockheed defense postings typically carry an eligibility block near the requirements: they ask for US citizenship and the ability to obtain and maintain a US government security clearance at the level the program requires, and they note the role is subject to ITAR and US export-control law. Lockheed may sponsor the clearance for a hired candidate, since a clearance is granted by the federal government and must be requested for a specific job. We describe this requirement rather than quote one posting verbatim, because the exact wording varies by requisition and program.